RESUMEN
RESUMEN El Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina (VDVB) es un patógeno que afecta los hatos bovinos. El virus ha sido clasificado en dos biotipos (citopático y no citopático) y en 3 genotipos (1, 2 y 3) según su secuencia nucleotídica. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la presencia del VDVB genotipo 2 (VDVB-2) en Colombia, mediante el estudio de cuatro zonas representativas de producción ganadera por medio de RT-PCR en muestras de suero y cartílago de oreja. Para ello, se recolectaron los sueros preparto de 379 vacas, de 274 terneros precalostrales (antes de que se les diera calostro), y de 145 terneros de 25 días post-nacimiento. Adicionalmente, se tomaron 181 biopsias de cartílago de oreja de estos terneros. Se realizó RT-PCR a todas las muestras para determinar la presencia o ausencia del VDVB. Aquellas muestras que resultaron positivas se evaluaron adicionalmente mediante dos métodos para determinar su genotipo: a) una nueva RT-PCR con primers específicos para el VDVB-2, y b) una PCR diferente con la que se obtuvo un producto de 296 pb, el cual se sometió a digestión enzimática. Los resultados mostraron que 17 (4,48%) muestras de suero preparto fueron positivas para Pestivirus, de las cuales 6 correspondieron al VDVB-2 (1,58%). Ninguna de las muestras de suero obtenidas de los terneros resultó positiva para el VDVB-2. Finalmente, 18 (9,9%) biopsias de cartílago de oreja fueron positivas al VDVB, 14 (7,7%) de las cuales resultaron positivas para el VDVB-2. El presente estudio es la primera evidencia documentada de la presencia del VDVB-2 en bovinos de Colombia.
ABSTRACT The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that affects cattle. The virus has been classified into two biotypes (cytopathic and non-cytopathic) and three genotypes (1, 2 or 3) according to their nucleotide sequence. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of the BVDV genotype 2 (BVDV-2) in Colombia, through the study of four representative areas of cattle production by means of RT-PCR conducted on serum and ear notches. For this purpose, sera were collected from 379 prepartum cows, 274 calves born to these cows (before they were given colostrum), and 145 25-day- old calves. Additionally, 181 ear notches were taken from these calves. RT-PCR was performed on all samples to determine the presence or absence of BVDV. Tha samples that tested positive were further assessed by two methods to determine their genotype: a) a new RT-PCR with specific primers for BVDV-2, and b) a different PCR obtaining a product of 296 bp, which was further subjected to enzymatic digestion. The results showed that 17 (4.48%) prepartum sera samples were positive for Pestiviruses, from which 6 corresponded to BVDV-2 (1.58%). None of the sera obtained from the calves were positive for BVDV-2. Finally, 18 (9.9%) ear notches were positive for BVDV, 14 (7.7%) of which were positive for BVDV-2. The present study is the first documented evidence of the presence of the BVDV-2 in cattle from Colombia.
RESUMEN
This paper describes the isolation and characterisation of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in Colombia. The virus was isolated from a nasal swab and an aborted foetus of a pregnant mare imported from Argentina, with clinical signs of rhinopneumonitis. The new strain was characterised through culture and morphological, serological and immunocytochemical studies. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA restriction maps revealed an EHV-1 1P genome. This is the first report on the isolation and characterisation of EHV-1 in Colombia.
